Exercise 1 and 2 A

Directions: Write the letter of the best SYNONYM (the word or phrase most nearly the same in bold-faced type).

1. a general amnesty
   1. reputation                c. pardon                e. condemnation
   2. awareness               d. aptitude

2. arraigned for one’s conduct
   1. charged                  c. execrated            e. apotheosized
   2. restrained                d. commended

3. your remarkable physiognomy
   1. prognosis                 c. resemblance         e. physical development
   2. creed                      d. facial features

4. suffer from schizophrenia
   1. persecution              c. rejection              e. sanctions
   2. severe delusions       d. execration

5. explain the rationale
   1. mystery                            c. overwhelming need          e. charges
   2. underlying reasons              d. plan of action

6. a reputation for sapience
   1. insolence                 c. hypocrisy             e. wisdom
   2. credulity                  d. heterodoxy

7. known for sagacity
   1. good judgment         c. hypocrisy             e. sacrilege
   2. good taste               d. disgrace

8. cognizant of the situation
   1. afraid            c. aware of              e. in recognition of
   2. foretelling       d. responsible for

9. her sage advice
   1. imaginative              c. pious                  e. needed
   2. sagacious                d. sanctimonious

10. to compute the bill
    1. process                   c. pay off                e. calculate
    2. challenge                 d. change

Directions: Write the letter of the best ANTONYM (the word or phrase most nearly the opposite as the word in the bold-faced type).

11. their heterodox lifestyle
    1. radical           c. conventional         e. pantheistic
    2. liberal            d. weird

12. a(n) dogmatic style of speaking
    1. canine           c. aggressive            e. considerate
    2. unassertive    d. precocious

13. to call frenetically
    1. calmly           c. mellifluously          e. repeatedly
    2. sanguinely      d. dogmatically

14. a(n) hypocritical smile
    1. sinister          c. credulous             e. sanctimonious
    2. genuine         d. incredulous

15. a poor prognosis
    1. self-image      c. past record           e. doctrine
    2. profile            d. decision     

16. offer a(n) rationalization
    1. accreditation             c. sound argument    e. alternative
    2. lame excuse            d. alibi

17. attract notoriety
    1. notice                     c. degradation          e. beneficence
    2. widespread approval  d. criticism              

18. a reputed connoisseur
    1. virtuoso                   c. know-nothing        e. stranger
    2. gastronome             d. expert

19.  with great conscientiousness
    1. carelessness            c. self-consciousness           e. naiveté
    2. anxiety                             d. mortification

20. with prescience
    1. hindsight                  c. heterodoxy           e. worthlessness
    2. cognition                  d. imputations

21. the putative author
    1. hypocritical               c. pious                   e. accredited
    2. beloved                   d. dogmatic

Exercise 3 and 4 B

Directions: Write the letter of the sentence in which the word in bold-faced type is used incorrectly.

1. a. “There is not a god,” said the agnostic.

     b. Because of her growing agnosticism, she resigned her position as chaplain.

c. Many philosophers of the Enlightenment held agnostic views, trusting only material evidence of the

   existence of anything.

d. Atheists believe they know the truth; agnostics always remain in doubt.

2. a. Such a dogmatist will never make a good diplomat. 

b. In “Mending Wall” Robert Frost is less sure about the need for walls the is his dogmatic neighbor,              

    who believes that “Good fences make good neighbors.”         

c. Polonious gave his son a long dogmatic as he departed for the university, ending with “to thine

    own self be true.”

d. Most dictators gain control with bold military force and persistent dogmatism.

3. a. Jane Austen pokes fun at the hypocrisy of General Tilney, who abruptly rejects Catherine Morland

   as a suitable wife for his son when he discovers that she is not healthy.

b. “A wolf in sheep’s clothing” describes a hypocrite.

c. Chaucer satirizes the Pardoner, who preaches that money is the root of evil but hypocritically

   cheats and embezzles to get rich.

d. My English teacher is extremely hypocritical, finding fault with everything from my spelling to my

   handwriting.

4. a. Economists use changes in the gross national product and the balance of payments to make their

   prognostications.

b. If you will quit smoking and exercise regularly, the prognosis for your recovery is excellent.

c. No prognosis in French is possible unless we practice every day.

d. Entranced, the Delphic Oracle prognosticated while she sat upon a sacred three-legged stool.

5. a. My grandfather’s social dogma includes rules such as “a gentleman never takes his coat off” and “a

   lady never eats on the streets”.

b. Werner Heisenberg discovered new physical dogma about how phenomena behave once they have

   been observed.

c. Because Anne Hutchinson’s preaching on the freedom on the individual conscience contradicted

   Puritan dogma, she was tried for heresy and forced to leave Massachusetts.

d. Personal sacrifice for the collective good is dogma in many totalitarian states.

6. a. No criterion for success is as important as hard work!

b. Don’t judge a child ‘s art by the same criteria as those for an adult’s.

c. Only one criteria seems to count in politics: charisma.

d. You must choose your own criteria for selecting a college.

7.   a. Because of his heterodox political views, the eighteenth-century philosopher Voltaire was forced into exile by the French monarchy.

b. Only a heterodox could believe in ghosts and witches.

c. Because of his heterodox religious views, John Bunyan, author of The Pilgrim’s Progress, spent

   many years in prison.

d. Little heterodoxy is permitted by authoritarian governments.

8.       a. After a frenetic year of campaigning, presidential candidates feel exhausted.

b. The frenetic pace of life these days make me long for a vacation.

c. Trading on the floor of the Chicago Commodities Exchange is usually frenetic, with brokers

   excitedly shouting orders. 

d. A Swiss scientist developed the pseudoscience of frenetics assessing one’s character according to

   the shape of the skull.

    9.   a. Arraign your outbursts, or you will be ejected from the courtroom.

b. Although Harriet Vane was arraigned for homicide, charges against her were dropped when Lord

   Peter Wimsey discovered the true murderer.

c. Reformer Dorothea Dix arraigned the government for neglecting its prisons and mental institutions.

d. She was served with a court summons that stated the charges against her and the place and date

   scheduled for her arraignment.

Exercise 3 and 4 C

Directions: Fill in each blank with the most appropriate word from Lesson 3 and 4.

1. “Spring forward and fall back” is a (n)                                        device for remembering how to change the clock for daylight saving time.

2. When the new government came to power, it announced a general _____________________, releasing all political prisoners.

3. Because of the patient’s irrational behavior and inability to communicate, the illness was diagnosed as _____________________.

4. Some slaveholders _____________________ slavery with biblical passages like Noah’s curse on his grandson, “He will be a slave to his brothers.”

5. Although for most of his life he was a (n) _____________________, never certain of what to believe, Ralph Vaughn Williams wrote some of the twentieth century’s most inspiring church music.

6. When tennis was introduced in the United States in 1874by Mary Ewing Outerbridge, men at first rejected the game with the _____________________ that it was a “women’s sport.”

7. According to _____________________, a square chin indicates stubbornness.

8. The Shahada, which states “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet,” sums up the most important doctrines of Islamic_____________________.

9. One                                          for the presidency of the United States is that the candidate be born in the U.S.

10. The age of a tree can be roughly _____________________ by counting its rings, indications of the number of its growing seasons.

11. In South America Pablo Neruda is held in high _____________________ both as a critic and a writer.

12. Portia displays _____________________ beyond her years when she must decide between Shylock, who demands his “pound of flesh,” and Antonio, whose life is at stake.

13. In a 1991 _____________________, The Lithuanian people declared their wish to be an independent republic separate from what was the Soviet Union.

14. In Tess of the D’Urbervilles Thomas Hardy shows that Tess is truly noble, although society _____________________ her.

15. Our chemistry teacher insists that we be _____________________ about wearing protective goggles and aprons when we work in the lab.

16. Although they had a highly advanced civilization, the Incas had no _____________________ use of the wheel.

17. According to the traditional verse, “red clouds at morning, sailors take warning,” a scarlet sunrise _____________________ a coming storm.

18. During the gold rush of the 1890s the mining towns of the Alaskan Yukon were _____________________ for their lawlessness.

19. In “The Scholars” William Butler Yeats mocks the so-called                                        of pedants: they are learned but not wise because they know nothing of life outside of their books.

20. Hiawatha often turns for advice to the medicine woman Nokomis, the                                        of their people.

Exercise 3 and 4 D

Directions: Replace the word or phrase in italics with a key word (or any of its forms) from Lesson 3.

Societies vary greatly in their tolerance of opinions and behavior that are (1) not in conformity with accepted standards. Societies that permit a wide range of behavior are termed liberal. Others that are more (2) authoritative in manner, demanding close adherence to rules and expectations, are termed conservative. A person may be (3) accused of misbehavior in a conservative society for actions that might be readily accepted in a liberal society.

All societies, however, are subject to (4) offering self-serving excuses for their actions and (5) pretending to uphold values in which do not actually believe. This contrast between professed standards and accepted practice can produce a kind of moral (6) conflict between ways of life, especially for young people who are trying to understand their society’s (7) standards on which decisions can be made.

Directions: Replace the word or phrase in italics with a key word (or any of its forms) from Lesson 4.

A(n) (1) supposed authority on infants’ (2) ability to perceive, the “professor” sold parents an apparatus by which they could calculate the steady increase of their child’s cerebral powers. These powers could, of course, be increased if parents also purchased the charlatan’s book, Genius in the Cradle, which describes brain-enlarging exercise to be performed daily. Even when his victims became (4) aware that police had arrested the ”professor” as a (n) (5) infamous swindler, many (6) carefully attentive parents continued to perform the exercise and measure their children’s skulls.

Exercise 3 and 4 E     

Directions: Write the letter of the best answer.

1.      reason : judgment : :

a.      putative : reputed

b.      prognosis : prediction

c.      ignorant : omniscient

d.      prescience : presence

e.      ratio : doxa

2.      Which word is not derived from the root given?

a.      dogma < doxa

b.      frenetic < phren

c.      omniscent < scire

d.      repute < ratio

e.      notify < noscere

3.      Which word is not derived from scire?

                     a.  plebiscite    b. conscious  c. science  d. nice  e. connoisseur

4.      Which word is not derived from gignoskein?

a.      agnostic  b. diagnostic  c prognosis  d. schizophrenia  e. physiognomy

5.      Which word is not derived from the root given?

a.      criterion < krinein

b.      dogma < dokein

c.      amnesty < mnemonikos

d.      putative < putare

e.      agnostic < noscere

 Exercise 3 and 4 F

Directions: Write the letter of the phrase that best matches the way of thinking or acting.

1.      conscientious objector                A. is recognized for wisdom

2.      rationalizer                               B. pretends to be virtuous

3.      agnostic                                  C. acts in an agitated manner

4.      dogmatist                                D. asserts opinions arrogantly

5.      schizophrenic                            E. decides character by facial features

6.      connoisseur                              F. has acute delusions and irrational episodes

7.      hypocrite                                 G. has discriminating taste

8.      physiognomist                          H. finds self-serving reasons for doing something

9.      sage                                                I. considers a god unknowable           

10.  frenetic                                   J. refuses to join the military on grounds of conscience

Exercise 4G

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word from Lesson 3 or 4 that means the same of the word or words in parentheses. Use the correct form of the word.

The work of Amnesty International, an international human rights organization, is bases on the (1) ___________________ (underlying reasons) that even the most (2) ___________________ (infamous) dictators want to avoid international criticism. (3) ___________________ (aware) of this fact, Amnesty issues reports on violations of human rights around the world. Furthermore, Amnesty members (4)___________________ (with careful attention) write letters on behalf of so-called prisoners of conscience.

A prisoner of conscience is officially defined as someone who has been detained for his or her “beliefs or because of ethnic origin, sex, color, language, national or social origin, economic status, birth, or other status.” A critical (5) ___________________ (standard for defining) is that the prisoner of conscience has not used or advocated violence. Although Amnesty International does not take credit for the release of such prisoners, its work is (6) ___________________ (given the reputation for) to have gained amnesty and release for thousands of political prisoners.

The Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in 1478 to support obedience to the (7)___________________ (system of doctrines) of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain. After Ferdinand and Isabella decreed in 1492 that all those holding (8) ___________________ (nonconforming) beliefs must either convert to Catholicism or leave the country, the Inquisition became notorious for its excesses. Many former Jews and Muslims were persecuted because the Inquisition (9) ___________________ (attributed) their conversions to Christianity to (10) ___________________ (pretend beliefs).